By Marc Massery

Though the infamous commandant of the Auschwitz concentration camp, Rudolf Höss, oversaw the murder of millions of innocent people during World War II, in the end even his horrific sins weren’t bigger than God’s mercy. 

Höss was born in 1900 in Baden-Baden, Germany, to strict Catholic parents. His father wanted him to become a priest, but after his father’s death, Rudolf joined the German military instead. 

‘Final Solution’ 

In the early 1920s, after hearing Adolf Hitler speak in Munich, Höss renounced his Catholic faith and became an early member of the Nazi Party. First, he served at the Dachau concentration camp. Having proved himself, in 1940 he was named the first commandant of Auschwitz, which he converted into one of the largest death camps in history. SS leader Heinrich Himmler put Höss in charge of carrying out in Auschwitz the “Final Solution” – the extermination of all Jews in Europe.

Though Höss denied ever killing anyone by his own hand, he was responsible for streamlining the execution process by introducing the lethal poison Zyklon B, which enabled the murder of as many as 2,000 people per hour. 

A calm killer

Despite overseeing the execution of millions, eyewitness accounts identified Höss as someone who always seemed calm and collected. He lived in a house with his family mere yards from the Auschwitz crematorium, kissing his wife each morning before work and tucking his five children into bed at night. 

After the war, Höss wrote: “The gassing was carried out in the detention cells of Block 11. Protected by a gas mask, I watched the killing myself. In the crowded cells, death came instantaneously the moment the Zyklon B was thrown in. A short, almost smothered cry, and it was all over. … I must even admit that this gassing set my mind at rest, for the mass extermination of the Jews was to start soon.” 

Also under Höss’ watch, in the basement of Block 11, prisoner No.  16770 was committed to a starvation cell before dying by lethal injection. That prisoner was the priest and martyr St. Maximilian Kolbe.

During these same years, however, Höss met a priest who would have an impact on him. The Gestapo had arrested several Jesuits living in Krakow, Poland, and sent them to Auschwitz. The community’s superior, Father Władysław Lohn, SJ, was  absent at the time of the arrest. 

When he found out what happened to his religious brothers, he snuck into Auschwitz to find them. When the guards noticed Father Lohn, they took him to Höss to decide his fate. Impressed by the bravery of Father Lohn, Höss released the priest unharmed. 

The end and a new beginning

After the war ended and Höss was captured, he was arraigned at the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg and sentenced to death. Following his sentencing, Höss did not appeal for leniency. Having spent time in a Polish prison, he  experienced something that would lead to a conversion of heart. He wrote:

“In Polish prisons, I experienced for the first time what human kindness is. Despite all that has happened, I have experienced humane treatment which I could never have expected and which has deeply shamed me.”

In prison, Höss realized that everything he had lived, worked and killed for was based on a flawed ideology, and he repented. He said: 

“I have inflicted terrible wounds on humanity. I have caused unspeakable suffering for the Polish people in particular. I am to pay for this with my life. May the Lord God forgive one day what I have done.”

On Good Friday, April 4, 1947, awaiting execution, Höss asked to see a Catholic priest. The authorities had trouble finding a priest who spoke German, but Höss remembered the name of one: Father Władysław Lohn, the Jesuit he had once spared. 

Though it took many days, Höss’ captors finally found Father Lohn in nearby Krakow. He happened to be praying at the Shrine of Divine Mercy, where St. Faustina, the Polish religious sister and mystic responsible for spreading devotion to the Divine Mercy, was laid to rest. 

On April 10, 1947, the Thursday after Easter, three days before Divine Mercy Sunday, Father Lohn heard Höss’ confession. The next day, Friday, Höss received Holy Communion. Afterward, he knelt in his cell and wept. 

On April 16, Höss was hanged outside the gas chambers he had built in Auschwitz. The official report of his death said that Höss remained “completely calm right up to the end and expressed no final wishes.”

“It was a hard struggle,” Höss had written toward the end. “But I have again found my faith in my God.”

Used with permission of the Marian Fathers of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary.